Introduction To Python Programming Language

                    Exploring Basics Of Python

Python is an interpreted high level programming language . Python is used in  web development, desktop application, software testing , data analysis, machine learning, artificial intelligence.

Data Types:   
Python is rich in terms of data types. Data type is states that what type of  data is and how one can use it . Data type is Python in categorized into two :

Mutable Data Type

It is a data type which content can be changed when required . Examples : Array , list , set ,      dictionary ,...

Immutable Data Type

It is a type of data which values can't be altered once it is defined . Examples : int , float, str, tuples,..

1.Integers

Like in math, integers in computer programming are whole numbers that can be positive, negative, or 0 (…, -1, 0, 1, …). An integer can also be known as an int.

Example:-

print(-2)

Output

-2

int_ans = 15 - 6

print(int_ans)

Output

9

2.Floating-Point Numbers

A floating-point number or a float is a real number, meaning that it can be either a rational or an irrational number.

Example:-

print(16.8)

Output

16.8

3.Booleans

The Boolean data type can be one of two values, either True or False.

Example:-

ex_bool = 18>12

print(ex_bool)

Output

True 

4. Strings

A string is a sequence of one or more characters (letters, numbers, symbols) that can be either a constant or a variable. Strings exist within either single quotes ' or double quotes " in Python, so to create a string, enclose a sequence of characters in quotes.

hw = "Hello, World!"

print(hw)

Output

Hello, World!

Methods of  Strings

There are various functions you can apply to strings that may be helpful .

• stringname.upper() - returns the string in upper case.
• stringname.lower() - returns the string in lower case.
• stringname.capitalize() - returns the string with the first letter of the string capitalized
• stringname.title() - returns the string with the first letter of each word capitalized.
• tringname.replace(x,y) - returns the string with the characters represented by x replaced by the characters represented by y.
• stringname[x:y] - returns the string starting at character x and ending before character y.

5.Lists

A list is a mutable, or changeable, ordered sequence of elements. Each element or value that is inside of a list is called an item. Just as strings are defined as characters between quotes, lists are defined by having values between square brackets [ ].

Example:-

[34,45,56,67,78]

name = ['Daisy', 'Joe', 'Fitz', 'Simmons']

print(name)

Output

['Daisy', 'Joe', 'Fitz', 'Simmons']

Methods of Lists

• append() - Add an element to the end of the list

• extend() - Add all elements of a list to the another list

• insert() - Insert an item at the defined index

• remove() - Remove an item from the list

• pop() - Remove and returns an element at the given index

• clear() - Removes all items from the list

• index() - Returns the index of the first matched item

• count() - Returns the count of number of items passed as an argument

• sort() - Sort items in a list in ascending order

• reverse() - Reverse the order of items in the listcopy() - Returns a shallow copy of the list

6.Tuples

A tuple is used for grouping data. It is an immutable, or unchangeable, ordered sequence of elements. Tuples are very similar to lists, but they use parentheses ( ) instead of square brackets and because they are immutable their values cannot be modified.

 Example:-

 ('Krishna', 'Shyam', 'Rahul')

          OR

 Name= ('Krishna', 'Shyam', 'Rahul')

 print(Name)

 Ouput

 ('Krishna', 'Shyam', 'Rahul')

7.Dictionaries

The dictionary is Python’s built-in mapping type. This means that dictionaries map keys to values and these key-value pairs are a useful way to store data in Python. A dictionary is constructed with curly braces on either side { }.

Typically used to hold data that are related, such as the information contained in an ID, a dictionary looks like this:

{ 'name': 'Sunny', 'animal': 'whale', 'color': 'blue', 'location': 'ocean' }

The keys in the dictionary above are: 'name', 'animal', 'color', 'location'.

The words to the right of the colons are the values. Values can be comprised of any data type. The values in the dictionary above are: 'Sunny', 'whale', 'blue', 'ocean'.